I have attempted to make a custom component containing a built-in table component. However, the filtering does not work for the custom component. The filter works if it is not made into a custom component. I assume this is a bug. Below are pictures of the definition and a side-by-side comparison.
Thank you for reporting this. I have replicated this in my environment. I see that this not only affects date values, but also boolean and enum values too.
This is passed onto the Dev team as a bug, and this thread will be updated when it has been fixed and released.